Notes On Primate Evolution Into Humans - 1784 Words

Final Essay Regarding Primate Evolution into Humans Brett Ford Cerro Coso Community College Abstract Tool use, or more accurately tool making, is of key importance to primate evolution. Not only is this aspect of primate and human evolution significant, but it directly influenced primate and human growth in cognition as well as physical attributes. This importance cannot be undersold, as much of human evolution, occurred as a result of social behaviors such as tool making, and the ability to replicate an action. Tool making in primates shows an increase in both physical growth and mental capacity, and those attributes led this activity to become socially important in early human societies. Social behavior is a key aspect of human and primate growth. The ability to bond socially, for protection as well as growth, is a key factor in the successive evolution that occurred between primates, and early humans. One of these social behaviors is tool making. Tool making and use is very significant to primate evolution, as it displays not only a significant growth in cognition, but certain physical evolutionary attributes that can be seen to the present day. Tool making in primates shows an increase in both physical growth and mental capacity, and those attributes led this activity to become socially important in early human societies. Before one can see how significant tool making and other behavior is, a understanding of the physical capabilities ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Primates And Primate Behavior1386 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of primates, from non-human to human primates, to even developing a better understanding of the evolution of primates and primate behavior. For my f inal paper, I will be going over and portraying the behavior of non-human primate and human primate. I will be comparing the primates behavior seen over the movies and literatures that we were assigned, to the understandings of evolution. Being able to learn and compare the behavior of non-human primate and the behavior of human primate, it canRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Apes Show Concern For One Another Very Much Like Humans852 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Primates Dixon, Hayley. Apes Cuddle Each Other When Upset like Humans. The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 15 Oct. 2013. Web. 17 Mar. 2016. . Apes show concern for one another very much like humans do. Researchers in the article written by Dixon explain this affectionate trait is prevalent in young Bonobos. Monkey kiss, hug and embrace each other for comfort very much like humans do. Monkeys who scream frequently and are not quieted by these emotional exchanges showRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Speech1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Human Speech As human we can communicate via our speaking ability to express our feelings, as a way to deliver the message we want another. These articles that I read discuss the anatomical prerequisite for humans to gain the ability to speak such as the absent and present of the air sac in hominids. Morphological changes of the face structure such as the reduced growth of the palate and the descent of the larynx. The controversial hypotheses of the hypoglossal canal size are indicativeRead MoreNeanderthal Brain Size At Birth1718 Words   |  7 PagesBrain Size at Birth Provides Insights into the Evolution of Human Life Historyquot; by Marcia S. Ponce de Leon discussed human life history is characterized by an extended period of developmental immaturity. This pattern of ontogeny is thought to be necessary for higher cognitive capabilities (Ponce de Leon 37). However, recent studies suggest the differences between the human brain growth and the chimpanzees are less evident (Ponce de Leon 37). Hum ans reach their large adult brains by means of higherRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Speech : Anatomical Aspect1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Human Speech: Anatomical Aspect As human we can communicate via our speaking ability to express our feelings, as a way to deliver the message we want to others. These articles that I read discuss the anatomical prerequisite for humans to gain the ability to speak such as the absent and present of the air sac in hominids. Morphological changes of the face structure such as the descent of the larynx. The controversial hypothesis of the hypoglossal canal sizes is indicative of speechRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Evolution1103 Words   |  5 PagesHuman evolution according to research started over 6 million years ago. The outcome of the evolution process is the current human beings. Scientific studies have revealed over the years a remarkable affinity between the chimpanzees/Apes and human beings. 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He delves into the difficult details of evolution that have long remained mysteries until recent years, specifically analyzing the transition from water to landRead MoreThe Importance Of Phylogenetics832 Words   |  4 PagesThe eight primates, who’s molecular phylogenetics were studied, are: modern human, Neanderthal, chimpanzee, gorilla, Sumatran orangutan, Bornean orangutan, bonobo, and gibbon (the outgroup). Using the BLAST tool provided from NCBI, the genomes from each of the species was sequenced using two different molecular markers: mitoc hondrial 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and at the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Each of the following steps were conducted for both the mitochondrial 16s rRNA and mtDNARead MoreThe Big History Of Modern Rifles1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Big History of Modern Rifles An aspect of human development that perhaps few have investigated, but is arguable what makes humans very special is their ability to kill at a distance through the use of highly sophisticated modern weaponry. The M-1 Garand rifle was used on a massive scale by United States troops both in the European and Pacific theatres of war during World War II. What makes this rifle special is that it was the first of its kind adopted by any nation or country. The M-1 GarandRead MoreDifferences Between Pitheciidae And The Remaining Platyrrhines1322 Words   |  6 Pagessupport and topology tests. (Wildman et al., 2009, p. 694). This study also found that Aaotus formed a sister taxon to a clade that included Cebus and Saimiri. Using this fully resolved platyrrhine phylogeny, the study tests hypotheses regarding the evolution and diversification of platyrrhine phenotypes. Wildman et al. (2009) also took a different approach in solving two major issues that have not yet been resolved. First, the branching order of the three families that still remains highly controversial

The Use Of Force From The United States - 1601 Words

Use Of Force Every day across the United States, law enforcement officers are found within situation where they must take immediate actions to calm on-going conflicts. With targets. As to everything we do, there must be a particular action we need to do prior. A guitarist first tunes his guitar before playing; an athlete first warms up before playing sports; as well to a police whom needs to be prepared before beginning shift, knowing there is a possible risked that could go drastic within a few seconds. If a suspect were to murder someone right in front of them, what would an officer do? What force would Law enforcement proceed with? Or perhaps it would all come to a shock and a total surprise as in the case of Tracey Thurman in†¦show more content†¦When appropriate use of force is acted upon, it is in cases that are permitted under certain circumstances such as that of in defense either in themselves, individuals or a group of individuals. When broadly speaking upon law Enforcement cas es, no two are the same, they may be similar, but never the same, therefore there is no universal set pair of rules to follow during a potentially threatening situation. Officers have obtained proper certified training to judge when proper use of force is required to regain control. When explaining â€Å"how much† use of force is needed, it all comes down to the situation the officer or officers are facing. When applying for a targeted person, use of force may be defined either excessive or justified. When applying use of force to a target, unpredictable events may turn drastic, time is scarce and only seconds are available to determine proper response, thus doing what is necessary in the heat of the moment. Nonetheless, there has been open and obvious use of excessive force in American policing. If we exam the case of the Rodney King beating that occurred in the early 90’s. Clear video footage was seen and any person with or without knowledge of law would determine things were handled in extremely unprofessional and unjust ways. In today’s society, the fear of repeating unjust ways and acts against unruly citizens or any targeted person,

Forecast of Aud/Usd Free Essays

In short term, Australia is facing higher inflation rate (2. 9%) than the United States (2. 1%), this can lead to the domestic market price increase but not much fluctuation for currency exchange rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Forecast of Aud/Usd: or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, Australia has higher GDP growth rate than United States (3. 5% vs 2. 4%) and lower unemployment rate than US, which are 5. 2% and 7. 9% in 2013. Therefore, the income will increase in Australia. Australia consumers would spend more on the US imports and the demand for US will increase. The supply of dollars will increase to buy more US products and the value of USD will increase relative to the AUD. In conclusion, we predict that the exchange rate of AUD/USD will decrease in the short term. In intermediate term, there will be almost a constant decline of inflation rate each year in Australia while that of United States remains fairly constant. The Inflation rate in United States is still lower than Australia. As a result, it is highly unlikely that the interest rate in Australia will increase by a large amount. On the other hand, the interest rate within the United States would be expected to remain quite low. In addition, according to the information from IMF, GDP growth of Australia will be stable at 3. 5% while that of United States will increase from 2. 4% to 3. 5%. Although there is a large reduction in unemployment rate in United States, it is still higher than Australia’s. Therefore, as long as the US Federal Reserve will not implement the monetary policy QE3 in the next few years, the currency of the United States will go up against Australia, but exchange rate of Australia will still be slightly higher than United States in the intermediate term. In the long term (greater than 5 years), the inflation rate of Australia will drop to 2. 4% in 2017 while that of United States will start to rise. On the other hand, GDP growth for both Australia and United States are similar at a stable pace of 4% and are hard to improve?In addition, the unemployment rate will continue to decline to about 4%. After 2017, inflation rates and GDP growth rate of both countries are expected to get closer and closer, achieving the stable coordination finally. At the same time, the Central Banks should not raise their interest rate to lower the inflation. Therefore, in conclusion, we predict that the exchange rate of AUD/USD will remain at a stable relationship with each other in the long term. Reference: IMF 2012, IMF Data Mapper, 2Executive summary This report focuses on forecasting the trend of exchange rate of AUD/USD and PHP/USD in short term, intermediate term and long term. The fundamental analysis is based on the changes in demand and supply of those three currencies. In terms of PHP/USD, for short term, the higher domestic interest rate in Philippine and the monetary policy (QE) will be implemented by United States will result in PHP/USD decreases. For intermediate term, as QE grows the GDP of United States, Philippines remain domestic policies and target, the supply of dollars increase faster than demand of pesos decrease, PHP/USD continue to decrease. For long term, those factors which affect the exchange rate will trend to reach an another equilibrium, PHP/USD increase. As for AUD/USD, due to the increased consumption of Australia on the US imports, the demand for US will increase. Consequently, AUD/USD will decrease in the short term. For intermediate term, Unit Stated will experience an obvious economic recovery while the major macroeconomic variables in Australia generally remain at a stable level, thus AUD/USD will continuous fall, but AUD will still appreciate slightly against USD. In the long term, the economy of both countries are expected to get a stable coordination, so it is likely that the USD will stop depreciating against the AUD and the exchange rate between the USD and he AUD achieve an new equilibrium. In recommendation, US dollar trend to depreciate against Philippines peso in short and intermediate term, purchasing pesos using US dollars now and exchange back to US dollar in the future which up to 5 years for gaining profit. US dollar trend to be appreciated against AU dollar in short and intermediate term, hence the top manager should hold a short position on the AUD and a long position on the USD, while for the long term the top manager just hold a short position on the USD. How to cite Forecast of Aud/Usd:, Papers

Depression in Early Adolescence free essay sample

This paper discusses depression in adolescents, looking at different types of depressions, what causes them, and what can be done to help those who are suffering. This paper looks at depression, and how this serious condition that affects a large number of adolescents. The author defines the symptoms, how adults need to recognize the warning signs, what the contributing factors are, and the various treatments available. The paper also discusses the several types of depression that affect young adults, and the importance of family and peer support. Depression is a persistent feeling of sadness. It is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as loss of sleep, loss of appetite, headaches, along with many others. There are also various types of depression. In the last few decades there has been a rise in depression, especially in teenagers. The National Mental Health Association states that depression effects one in eight adolescents in the United States, Roy , 1999. We will write a custom essay sample on Depression in Early Adolescence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Early detection is the key in helping people with depression. Symptoms of depression can include a drastic change in personality, persistent sadness, hopelessness, irritability, agitation, withdrawal and isolation from friends and activities, changes in eating and sleeping habits, indecision, lack of concentration, forgetfulness, low self-esteem, guilt, physical complaints like headaches and stomachaches, low enthusiasm, low energy, low motivation, drug or alcohol abuse, and thoughts of suicide.

Blessed are the dead Review Essay Example

Blessed are the dead Review Paper Essay on Blessed are the dead A topic that raised in his novel Yong Lindqvist, in my opinion, is very original and interesting. And certainly not all thought about it, would like to try it on their own experience rather abstractly how will this world come to life if the dead people? Just I want to refute the statement in the summary about the author as a writer of horror the romance is quite realistic work. With one fantastic element I suppose you have already guessed how So, nowadays, Stockholm, as a result of the paranormal come to life recently deceased people.. On the behavior they are more like a zombie, though no evil do not wish to, and at the same time they are not full citizens, as before. Public authorities properly call them come alive. It was then, and it turns out that their relatives, wounds from losses that have not yet healed, and who do not accept this fact, are not always able to take back the revived in your life, no matter how much they did not want recently. There is a range of both everyday and legal, and above all moral issues. The product is organically intertwined two layers. One highly realistic: a summary of the official authorities, television programs, commoners, arguments about where to hold yesterdays dead Second philosophical. If broken thousand-order constant cycle of life and death how to live? Alas, no one is ready to give an answer And as the interweaving of these two layers, as the quintessence of the novel question what makes one revived to go on the mend, and others degrade? The answer was simple and obvious, but probably not all (including me) could have thought of it yourself We will write a custom essay sample on Blessed are the dead Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Blessed are the dead Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Blessed are the dead Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Recommended: †¢ lovers of thrillers; †¢ fans FICTION (thought-provoking);. †¢ are interested in matters of life and death from a philosophical point of view

Zen and the Art of Archery essays

Zen and the Art of Archery essays The book Zen and the Art of Archery, by Eugen Herrigel, discusses the spirituality connected with the art form in the sport of archery. In this book, Herrigel describes many aspects of how archery is, in fact, not a sport, but an art form, and is very spiritual to those in the east. As an actor, this book helps you to use your spirituality in your acting. Archery, in this book, was the way that the author found his way into Zen Buddhism. He studied this art, which is referred to as the "artless art," to gain experience in the field of Zen Buddhism. At first, one might think that archery has no place in Zen, but, through discussion and explanation, it is revealed that archery is quite a large part of Zen. It is not through the actual physical aspect of shooting arrows at targets that archery is Zen, but through the art and spirituality through which it is performed. It is not merely shooting an arrow to hit a target, but becoming yourself the target and then, in turn, hitting yourself, of course not literally, but spiritually, and by meeting the spiritual goal, you will then meet the physical goal. The contest is, therefore not with the arrow or the target but with oneself. The whole art of archery is internal, within oneself, and not external with the bow and arrows. The learning process for the Zen in archery is a long proc ess, focusing at first on drawing the bow "spiritually," then moving on to holding the arrow and finally to "'loosing' the arrow." Archery is, in the sense of Zen, is described as a ceremony, with the main goal being to be able to perform it "effortlessly." The idea is to, as said by Herrigel's teacher, "stop thinking about the shot." Once you stop thinking about the shot it will happen, but until then, it will not. To really be able to not think about the shot is to have to "let go of yourself," as said by the master. The first test, of sorts, taken by Herrigel in the area of arch...

WITH REFERENCE TO TWO AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE DISCUSS THE WAY IN WHICH Essay

WITH REFERENCE TO TWO AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE DISCUSS THE WAY IN WHICH SHARED KNOWLEDGE CAN SHAPE PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE - Essay Example Shared knowledge is structured and systematic in its nature and it is an outcome of more than one individual. Shared knowledge is bound together in more or less distinct sections of knowledge, for instance, familiar groups of subjects studied in undergraduate program. Whereas individuals contribute to the distinct areas, shared knowledge does not depend only upon the contributions of a given individual. There are chances for other individuals to check and implement individual contributions and add to the body of knowledge that already occurs. For, instance, Chemistry is a subject with knowledge that is shared. Many individuals have access to it and can contribute proficiently to it. Teams of people, building on existing knowledge, undertake the great work. Despite the individual contribution to the body of knowledge, their work is subject to group processes such as review and replication of results of experimental results before it becomes the final paper. The building of computer al so requires shared knowledge. It is surprising to have individual who has the knowledge of constructing a compute from scratch. That is, not assembling it from pre-constructed components. Though we know how to assemble computers. The product of computer is because of a complex worldwide cooperative effort. Shared knowledge evolves over time due to the continued applications of the methods of inquiry; all processes covered by the framework of knowledge. For instance, applying the methodology that belongs to an area of knowledge changes the existing idea that we know. The changes might be slow or incremental; the areas of knowledge contain certain stability over a given duration. The changes might also be sudden or dramatic; revolutionary swing in knowledge because an area of knowledge responds to new experimental results. Therefore, shared knowledge allows

The failure of the implementation of Queensland health's payroll Assignment

The failure of the implementation of Queensland health's payroll system - Assignment Example Queensland Health used a centralized payroll system whereby the districts that the system covers are linked to a local payroll service provider. In this system, the payroll officers solely handle all the pay information without involving district staff (QHPSCI, 2013). This makes the whole operating system vague. Healthcare organizations face several challenges that are unique to the healthcare sector. This paper uses the Queensland Health payroll system failure case to discuss significant government roles in the process of delivering successful project outcomes. We also analyze the pros and cons of two organizational structures (centralized and decentralized), with reference to the healthcare sector, successful business management and continuity. Additionally, an outline of the challenges in healthcare management practice as a result of the complex nature of healthcare organizations compared to other sectors is provided, with reference to the Queensland Health payroll system failure case. Finally, we discuss the short-term and long-term impact of IT implementation failure. The failure of payroll system at Queensland Health brought both short term and long term effect to the government. The government has incurred severe losses in the processes of repairing the errors created by the defective system. Moreover, the workers of Queensland Health were greatly affected by inaccurate pay outcomes during the two years when the system was under implementation (QHPSCI, 2013). Queensland Health is currently in the process of re-implementing the system, and anticipates that the long term consequences of failure in the payroll system will be reversed eventually (QHPSCI, 2013). Importance of Governance Governance refers to the roles and responsibilities of an organization’s executive management and board of directors. It is an important area of enterprise management and comprises the leadership and organizational structures and processes that guarantee that the organi zation maintains and extends its goals and strategies. Governance determines how an organization manages demand and delivers value while protecting against risk. Due to the large number of individuals, processes, and technologies involved in the operation of IT and the broad nature of governance, managers may find it challenging to identify the areas that require more focus and effort in order to achieve the utmost impact. Organizations without efficient governance experience greater risk exposure, low performance, and arbitrary, political or inappropriate allocation of resources. Effective governance of a system reduces the risk of failure and ensures superior project outcomes. Governance also eliminates conflicts among individuals in an organization by specifying their roles, legal obligations and responsibilities. It ensures the successful implementation of projects by enforcing responsibility, justice, legality, direction and transparency. Organizations that pursue an enhanced a pproach to governance exhibit better performance. This improvement results from both the governance and how the public perceives this governance (VandenBerghe & Ridder, 1999). Moreover, governance protects the reputation of an organization and ensures that it meets the demands of clients, regulatory bodies, legislators, employees and other crucial stakeholders. Governance drives value and manages

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Existentialism - Essay Example If the tragic hero Oedipus could assert in his conscious pain that "all is well", Camus's concept of 'Sisyphus Happy' must be accurate because, it is true that "there is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn" (121). Camus enumerates the passions that define Sisyphus-"his scorn of the gods, his hatred of death and his passion for life." These have gained him the most unspeakable of penalties in which he has to strive with all his heart and might to accomplish nothing. But exerting oneself to accomplish nothing is a classic example of negation, and Sisyphus must have seen that adding the emotion of joy to his labors would be the best way of negating the gods-admittedly, one of his prime interests. Therefore, when Camus says that Sisyphus, the 'proletarian of the gods' is Sisyphus Happy-the statement is irrefutable. For Sisyphus was said to have been the wisest of mortals. Camus reminds us that the fate of modern man in the modern workplace, working every day at the same tasks, is no less absurd than that of Sisyphus. Modern man then lives and works in true absurd fashion, but the birth of the tragic, the opportunity for heroism, the potential for authentic existence only becomes possible in those rare moments when he becomes aware of the absurdity. Sisyphus's strength, as well as his joy, rises out of his consciousness of his condition. Out of consciousness, out of awareness, out of lucidity springs Sisyphus's victory over the rock, over the gods, over the oppression of his situation. The films of Charlie Chaplin depict beautifully the absurdity at the heart of much of human endeavor in 'modern times.' Chaplin shows that the modern absurd hero is the man who is aware of the absurdity of his condition. Such a man can overcome the oppressiveness of his life and work by means of the weapon of scorn. He does not hope to achieve happiness because of his work, or as a consequence of it. However, the weapon of scorn gives him the feeling of joy while engaged in the work. That joy is his way of achieving mastery over the work as well as over any who may have hoped that the work would frustrate his soul. On the other hand, unmixed joy would not be the absurd hero's chosen cup of tea or bowl of vinegar. The emotion of joy cannot be divorced from the experience of pain and sorrow. Sisyphus's descent is therefore, sometimes done in sorrow. Camus believes that the sorrow was in the beginning, when memories of the earth plagued his soul. At times like these, the rock triumphs. But Sisyphus rarely allows himself such lugubriousness or such agonizing. Most of his effort is undertaken, in Camus's vision, in silent joy. This is because Sisyphus knows that "His fate belongs to him. His rock is his thing" (123). It is his rock-not the rock of the gods, not the instrument devised by the gods to punish him-but something that defines him, that expresses the essence of his spirit, his existence, and his supreme scorn for pompous authority. The Last Castle is a movie starring Robert Redford in the role of former general who has been sent to a prison under the control of an officious Chief Warden. The film highlights a penalty inflicted by the Warden on the imprisoned general for a minor offense. The punishment involved the single-handed lifting and transportation of a large heap

Self Reflective Of Teamwork Experience Nursing Essay

Self Reflective Of Teamwork Experience Nursing Essay Good teamwork plays a crucial role in implementing and fulfilling common goal quicker and better in a team project. Every team member plays his or her particular role and takes on different responsibilities which combined together can make the team function well and achieve common goal. In different stages of teamwork, conflicts or arguments may occur as members have different standpoints which need be harmonized within the team. The key to effective teamwork is to exploit each team roles unique abilities to motivate them play up strengths and avoid their weaknesses with a proper balance. Through teamwork, I clearly recognize my role characteristics, learn to develop my strong points and circumvent weaknesses in the team, and draw lessons and reflections on how to deal with emergencies happened in teamwork. Every member in a team will have his or her role different from others. According to the Team Role Theory that Dr Meredit identified and developed, different individuals act different team roles to varying degrees which he grouped into nine general kinds (Belbin D.M., 2007). By identifying characteristics of different kind of roles, we can ensure to make the most of every member and manage weaknesses to avoid them. There are four roles in my team. Student A is a shaper; Student B and student C are team-workers; Student D is an implementer; and I am a completer finisher. Completer finishers, just as its name implies, are painstaking, conscientious and used most effectively at the end of a task worked as quality controller, to search out errors and omissions, modify and polish them, and finally make sure the task delivers on time (Belbin D.M., 2007). But on the other side, completer finishers are inclined to worry unduly because of their perfectionism and have difficulty letting go and delegating work (West M, 1994). My role is important to teamwork guaranteeing task finished as scheduled and improving team performance to high quality. As completer finishers are always perfectionists with conscientious and disciplined characteristics, I have the capacity for follow-through and attention to detail, to spot errors and gaps and modify them for better. I do not allow any delay in task completing and think highly of punctuality. Owning to my role characteristics, I always keep an eye on the team members work process to recognize if task is undertaken as scheduled timetable and finished per our completion requirements. This works effectively and efficiently to make our team goal accomplished and standardized. But I also need admit that I am easily irritable and worried unduly, which might bring unnecessary air of tension to the team members and will affect their personal emotions and somewhat derail the work efficiency. For instance, when student A did not finish the scheduled task on time, I will thin k it was quite an irresponsible act and get quite fussed. During the teamwork experience, I felt teamwork is not an easy job. In the evolve of team building, Tuckmans teamwork theory of Four Stages of Group Development can help me better understand and manage various problems or unexpected circumstances that might happen at different stages of team development (Miller DL, 2003). According to Tuchman, there are four phrases in team evolve: forming, storming, norming and performing (Tuckman, online). During my experience from this teamwork, in the four different stages of group development, both positive and negative circumstances happened and need be taken care of. The initial stage of team development is forming. In this stage, individuals are not united quite well yet and it will be difficult to reach agreement. Each member is eager to find their place and hardly can feel a sense of belonging within the team (Scott D. J., 2000). As members are nearly strangers, they do not know clearly about their purpose and strongly need a leaders guidance to tell them why they are together. To overcome the problems caused for the forming stage and prepare for the following team task, our team opened some meetings in the library to build trust within each other. But some unexpected thing happened in our first meeting. Student A did not show up when everybody else were waiting for his appearance. He was not in Preston and went outing at that time. He did not check email while the notice of meeting was spread within the team by email only as we usually use email for connection and not thought for the accident somebody might not check email sometimes. This was an unhappy accident and we learnt to recheck for some unconfirmed uncertainties to avoid such accidents happening again. Through meetings, my leader illustrated the team task and general agenda and regulations for task completion. Tasks were divided and allotted to each person concerned. This stage is important as it paves the way to next team stages smooth development. Each members strengths and weaknesses need be identified and thus can make sure each one play up strength and be arranged to finish the most appropriate part. If we can allocate different tasks to the right person, efficiency of teamwork will be elevated greatly which will do better to individual motivation and avoid less conflicts or complaints within the team. When the forming stage finished, individuals began to see themselves as part of the team and will sense a belonging and motivated to work together. The storming stage is coming as clash of views and collision of all sorts of train of thought slowly gather together which is enough to make a storm for both brains and teamwork (Tuckman, 1977). In this stage, team members can easily challenge each other due to individuals held different points of view towards the same thing. Using Tuchmans word to say, conflict and contradiction typify this stage as differences surface. Actually this happens many times in our team discussion. Each individual had different attitudes towards same question, and all would appreciate others to accept and think the way as has suggested. For example, when we were discussing in one of the meetings, student D expressed his opinions with his standpoints which student B and me thought good and gave support. But student A and student C had quite different ideas. The refore conflict is unavoidable. If we vote to decide which idea will be adopted, student A and student C will feel unsatisfied and reduce teamwork initiative. I figured out that student A and student Cs standpoints had some plus points if melted into student Ds ideas, so I tried to convince both sides to modify their ideas and harmonize a generally accepted scheme. For many times we felt the storming stage was wasting lots of time for endless arguing and loss of focus on the completion of common task. But through our efforts to polish each other based on mutual respects, we finally learnt the further meaning of teamwork and realized in a team the collective interests and team performance is above all. This is a stage for team members to harmonize their ideas and team leader played important role to coordinate and help for decision making to the method of how to get the task done. Besides, each team member should not only learn independent thinking, but also to appreciate and respect others ideas and opinions, thus to figure out some balance within the team and finish the team goal in a peaceful and beneficial way. When experiencing a smooth transition of the storming stage, the stage of norming seems to be overcome more naturally and easily. The norming stage is a stage where team members start to trust more on each other and unite together to process the task with more teamwork with a growing sense of togetherness (Gersick, 1988). With the forming and storming stages development, our team gradually grew more mature and teamwork was achieved more effectively and efficiently. Team members now would follow team principles and behave for the best of the team. The stage of performing is the final stage which focused on task refreshing, implementing and completing. All teamwork combined to provide synergy for performance is delivered through people working effectively together (Tuckman, online). In this stage our team had many modifications towards task structure and manifestation. Thus team members can be allotted for new tasks or complete for others tasks as well. We had an accident in this stage which was finally settled imminent but no threatening to final team performance. Task of conclusion was assigned to complete by Student A which I emphasized many times in our discussion. He did not spell any disagreement before but didnt finish for this part until the deadline for task completion. Despite his irresponsibility, I also made a mistake that silence did not mean agreement. But it was urgent and no time to look into who was to be blamed, finally team leader took on the responsibility to finish this part by himself. Despite this little accident, process executions of our teamwork were quite smooth and efficient. Team members finished their tasks as scheduled and we worked together to point out each others mistakes and improve team performance in final presentation. Through the four stages of group development, I learnt that good communications and discipline are very important to make a team work more efficient and unity together more tightly. Besides, mutual respects, trusts and understanding are essential to achieve common goal. When people learn to appreciated and support each others efforts, individual is highly motivated and inspired to improve work efficiency. That is the charm of teamwork which I enjoy for the most. From this teamwork experience, I strongly feel the importance of teamwork and the amazement it may bring for quality task completion and goal achievement. It teaches me to coordinate with others and as an individual to put group interest in the first place. Maximizing individual strengths and minimizing weaknesses to achieve a teams common goal and harmonizing team members standpoints to some balance is the charm only teamwork can bring and make each individual have better play. Reference: Belbin.D.M, 2007. Belbin Team Role Theory. Online available at: http://www.belbin.com/rte.asp?id=8 Belbin.D.M, 2007. Belbins Team Roles:How understanding team roles can improve team performance. Online available at: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_83.htm Gersick CJG, 1988. Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development. Academy of management journal. Miller D.L., 2003. The Stages of Group Development: A Retrospective Study of Dynamic Team Processes. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, Volume 20, Issue 2, pages 121-134. Scott D. Johnson et al, 2000. Team development and group processes of virtual learning teams. College of Education, University of Illinois. Tuckman BW, 1977. Stages of small group development revisited. Group and organizational studies. Tcukman, 2001. FAMOUS MODELS, Stages of Group Development. Online available at: http://www.chimaeraconsulting.com/tuckman.htm Tuckman Theory, Tuckmans Team Development Model, online available at: www.e3smallschools.org/download/TuckmansTeamDevelopmentModel.pdf West M, 1994. Effective Teamwork. The British Psychology Society.

Air Pollution :: essays research papers fc

Problem The first thing people see, in the morning, when they walk outside is the sky or the colored sun. Is this world giving us the privilege of seeing the natural colors of the sun through all the layers of pollution within the air (Dinanike 31)? Not only are beautiful sights such as this hidden behind the pollution this world causes everyday, but an increase in diseases, infections and death occurs. What causes pollution? What can we do to prevent it,and get rid of it? Is it fair to the children of the future to have to suffer the consequences that pollution causes? Why not take care of the problem now? Factory and business owners have the ability to prevent air pollution. Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of harmful gases, liquids, or solids. Air pollution, known as smoke pollution for many years, resulted from coal combustion (Hodges 526). Smog has been a problem in coal-burning areas for several centuries. Smog finally decreased when coal combustion was replaced by oil a nd gas combustion. Air pollution is caused by a number of different types of pollutants. The first type, particulate matter, consists of solid and liquid aerosols suspended in the atmosphere. These arise from the burning of coal and from industrial processes. Atmospheric particles can scatter and absorb sunlight which reduces visibility. Particles also reduce visibility by attenuating the light from objects and illuminating the air causing the contrast between the objects and their backgrounds to reduce. Not only does it effect visibility, but it hastens the erosion of building materials and the corrosion of metals, interferes with the human respiratory system, and brings toxic materials into the body. The small particles cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer (Hodges 59). The second type is sulfur oxides which come from the burning of coal and industrial processes. Damage to materials, to vegetation, and to the human respiratory system are caused by the acid nature of oxides. Small quantities of sulfur oxides can increase illness and mortality (Hodges 59). The third type of pollutant is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas against which humans have no protection. Carbon monoxide comes from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles and secondarily from industrial processes (Hamer 45). Hemoglobin, which is in the blood, combines with carbon monoxide and carries less oxygen to body tissues causing health and heart effects. Some health problems come